Scale-up of electrokinetic permeable reactive barriers for the removal of organochlorine herbicide from spiked soils

This work aims to shed light on the scale-up a combined electrokinetic soil flushing process (EKSF) with permeable reactive barriers (PRB) for treatment of spiked clopyralid. To do this, remediation tests at lab (3.45 L), bench (175 L) and pilot (1400 scales have been carried out. The PRB selected was made merged particles zero valent iron (ZVI) granular activated carbon (GAC). Results show that PRB-EKSF involved transport dehalogenation as main mechanisms, while adsorption GAC not relevant initially expected. Clopyralid detected in electrolyte wells only scale, significant amounts clopyralid remained after 600 h operation. Picolinic acid dehalogenated product mobilized by electro-osmosis, mostly cathodic well. volatile compounds into atmosphere promoted scale because larger surface exposed electrical heating caused ohmic losses interelectrode gap.